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عالم البحار sea world life
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- عدد المساهمات : 1167
تاريخ التسجيل : 10/05/2010 -
رد: عالم البحار sea world life
من طرف Admin الثلاثاء 8 سبتمبر 2020 - 8:29
It is said that we know more about the moon, (on average 235,000 miles above), that we do about the deep sea (about 2.5 miles below), but what we do know about the deep sea is astounding and the creatures unimaginable.
The deep sea is an extremely harsh environment. It is dark, below 200m the light levels are too low for photosynthesis (the twilight zone), and not a glimmer of sunlight remains beyond 1,000m (the midnight zone). The water is very cold (37-50oF/3-10oC) and consequently has low levels of oxygen. The pressure at a depth of 2.5 miles is about 400 atmospheres, 400 times the pressure on the surface and equivalent to half a tonne per square centimeter. The density of organisms is therefore low. 25% of the estimated 8,700,000 species on earth live in the ocean depths, and 91% of those have yet to be discovered, described and catalogued (CoML). Many of these could potentially hold cures and new treatments for cancer, arthritis and other diseases.
Adaptations to deal with the low density of food
The organisms of the deep sea are truly amazing and extraordinary, with every journey down uncovering more of the mysteries. This month a study published in Proceedings B of the Royal Society described a new species of deepwater acorn worms found 2,700m deep near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with extremely long "lips" to help them capture prey in a habitat deficient of food.
Living in an environment where food is scarce, organisms need to be able to eat anything and everything that comes their way, the fangtooth (Anoplogaster cornuta) accomplishes this with its large cavernous mouth, and large dagger-like teeth (in fact, the teeth are so large is it difficult to close it's mouth).
Adaptations to deal with the low density of mates
The deep sea anglerfish (Melanocetus johnsoni) is aptly named for its elongated dorsal spine that extends forwards and lures prey towards it's wide mouth and sharp teeth, with a glowing lure (containing bioluminescent symbiotic bacteria). The density of organisms in the deep sea is so low, that finding a mate in the right place at the right time can be quite a challenge. To avoid this potential problem, when they do meet, the male anglerfish will bite onto the female, their blood vessels fuse, and he will spend the rest of his life as a sperm producing appendage.
Adaptations to deal with the lack of Light
In the mesopelagic (twilight zone) where light levels are low, large eyes and reflective retinas are advantageous to make use of any vestiges of sunlight that penetrate down. Many deep sea fish possess photophores (light producing organs), these aid in species identification, attracting food, or deterring predators. The lanternfish (small mesopelagic fish of the family Myctophidae) have photophores paired and concentrated in rows on their body and head in species-specific patterns. In some the pattern varies between males and females, with males having concentrations of photophores above the tail, and females below.
The Swimming Green Bomb (Swima bombiviridis) discovered in 2009, armed with "bombs" (shown by the arrow below) that glow a brilliant green when dropped, which they use as a distraction tactic to escape predators.
The Barrel Eye (Macropinna microstoma) is certainly a bizarre looking creature, with two green rotating eyes embedded in their transparent head. The dark "eye" like patches are in fact olfactory organs. Due to the lack of light even further below becomes a less important sense, and in many fish their eyes are considerably reduced, or even degenerate. Watch the video below to see this unique organisms in action.
The deep sea is an extremely harsh environment. It is dark, below 200m the light levels are too low for photosynthesis (the twilight zone), and not a glimmer of sunlight remains beyond 1,000m (the midnight zone). The water is very cold (37-50oF/3-10oC) and consequently has low levels of oxygen. The pressure at a depth of 2.5 miles is about 400 atmospheres, 400 times the pressure on the surface and equivalent to half a tonne per square centimeter. The density of organisms is therefore low. 25% of the estimated 8,700,000 species on earth live in the ocean depths, and 91% of those have yet to be discovered, described and catalogued (CoML). Many of these could potentially hold cures and new treatments for cancer, arthritis and other diseases.
Adaptations to deal with the low density of food
The organisms of the deep sea are truly amazing and extraordinary, with every journey down uncovering more of the mysteries. This month a study published in Proceedings B of the Royal Society described a new species of deepwater acorn worms found 2,700m deep near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with extremely long "lips" to help them capture prey in a habitat deficient of food.
Living in an environment where food is scarce, organisms need to be able to eat anything and everything that comes their way, the fangtooth (Anoplogaster cornuta) accomplishes this with its large cavernous mouth, and large dagger-like teeth (in fact, the teeth are so large is it difficult to close it's mouth).
Adaptations to deal with the low density of mates
The deep sea anglerfish (Melanocetus johnsoni) is aptly named for its elongated dorsal spine that extends forwards and lures prey towards it's wide mouth and sharp teeth, with a glowing lure (containing bioluminescent symbiotic bacteria). The density of organisms in the deep sea is so low, that finding a mate in the right place at the right time can be quite a challenge. To avoid this potential problem, when they do meet, the male anglerfish will bite onto the female, their blood vessels fuse, and he will spend the rest of his life as a sperm producing appendage.
Adaptations to deal with the lack of Light
In the mesopelagic (twilight zone) where light levels are low, large eyes and reflective retinas are advantageous to make use of any vestiges of sunlight that penetrate down. Many deep sea fish possess photophores (light producing organs), these aid in species identification, attracting food, or deterring predators. The lanternfish (small mesopelagic fish of the family Myctophidae) have photophores paired and concentrated in rows on their body and head in species-specific patterns. In some the pattern varies between males and females, with males having concentrations of photophores above the tail, and females below.
The Swimming Green Bomb (Swima bombiviridis) discovered in 2009, armed with "bombs" (shown by the arrow below) that glow a brilliant green when dropped, which they use as a distraction tactic to escape predators.
The Barrel Eye (Macropinna microstoma) is certainly a bizarre looking creature, with two green rotating eyes embedded in their transparent head. The dark "eye" like patches are in fact olfactory organs. Due to the lack of light even further below becomes a less important sense, and in many fish their eyes are considerably reduced, or even degenerate. Watch the video below to see this unique organisms in action.
Admin- Admin
- عدد المساهمات : 1167
تاريخ التسجيل : 10/05/2010 -
رد: عالم البحار sea world life
من طرف Admin الثلاثاء 8 سبتمبر 2020 - 8:30
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